第一期|世界史学术动态
1. 学术讲座/会议
1.1 Seminars on Medieval Economic and Social History
(University of Cambridge)
Convener:
Chris Briggs (E-mail: cdb23@cam.ac.uk)
29 January 2020
Spike Gibbs (LSE) and Jordan Claridge (LSE)
Waifs and strays: property rights and the redistribution of (un)wanted livestock in late medieval England
This paper contributes to debates concerning lord-tenant relations in late medieval England. Using qualitative and quantitative evidence gathered from court rolls and manorial accounts, we explore the rights of lords to arrest, impound, and sometimes claim stray livestock. As wandering animals could cause significant damage to a village’s farmland, we argue that by bearing the costs of managing strays, lords provided a social benefit for tenants. Moreover, the ‘strays system’ provided a channel by which animals could be redistributed among the peasantry, and thus facilitated the exchange of livestock within the pastoral economy. Our findings support a narrative of a more positive relationship between lords and tenants characterized by cooperation over conflict, with seigniorial institutions helping to improve tenants’ livelihoods.
12 February 2020
Daniel Curtis (Rotterdam)
From one mortality regime to another? mortality crises in late-medieval Haarlem, Holland, in perspective
This paper employs a large database of 10,360 deaths taken from registrations of graves dug and church bells tolled at Haarlem between the years 1412 to 1547 (the ‘klok en graf’) – one of the largest samples and longest series ever produced for mortality evidence in medieval Holland. The data reveals not one overarching ‘medieval mortality regime’ but distinct changes between fewer but severe spikes in the first half of the fifteenth century, and higher frequency of smaller spikes later on – especially in the period 1480-1530 – with a dampening down of mortality activity after 1530. A highly comparable early modern source has also allowed the mortality findings to be placed in a broader temporal perspective leading to the conclusion that mortality crises in the late Middle Ages in Haarlem were more severe than those seen in the seventeenth century.
26 February 2020
Rhiannon Sandy (Swansea)
If you've got the money, I've got the time: reconsidering the cost of apprenticeship in medieval England
Apprenticeship indentures record the agreement made between a master and an apprentice, including the obligations of both parties. The apprentice is prohibited from certain behaviours, whereas the master usually undertakes to provide the apprentice with clothing, food, bedding and other items for all or part of the term of the apprenticeship. The level of provision the master is to provide changes over time, but what remains certain is that apprentices did not constitute a cheap source of labour. This paper will explore what apprenticeship indentures can reveal about labour conditions in fourteenth and fifteenth-century England, and the costs involved in taking on an apprentice.
网址：https://www.hist.cam.ac.uk/seminars/medieval-economic-social
1.2 Understanding State Capacity Conference
(University of Manchester, 28-29 Novemeber, 2019)
Organized by Nuno Palma and Xiaobing Wang
THURSDAY – 28 November
Venue: Mansfield Cooper G.19
8.50. Welcome & opening remarks
9.00 – 10.00 Debin Ma keynote – The Paradox of Power: Chinese State Capacity in long-term perspective
10.00 – 11.20 Session 1 (4 presentations – 20 mins each)
11.20 – 11.40 Coffee Break
11.40 – 13.00 Session 2 (4 presentations – 20 mins each)
13.00 – 14.00 Lunch
14.00 – 15.00 Peer Vries keynote – The capacity and will to develop: State and economy in Japan, 1868-1937
15.00 – 15.40 Session 3 (2 presentations – 20 mins each)
15.40 – 16.00 Coffee Break
16.00- 17.00 POLICY SESSION – Vitor Gaspar, Tim Besley
17.00 – 18.00 Sevket Pamuk keynote – Annual Revenues of the States: Europe and the Rest since 1500
19.00 DINNER. Restaurant: Mr Cooper’s House and Garden
FRIDAY – 29 November
Venue: Mansfield Cooper G.19
9.00-.100 Tim Besley keynote – Norms, Institutions and State Capacity
10.00 – 11.20 Session 4 (4 presentations – 20 mins each)
11.20 – 11.40 Coffee Break
11.40 – 13.00 Session 5 (4 presentations – 20 mins each)
13.00 – 14.00 Lunch
14.00 – 15.00 Patrick O’Brien keynote – The Wars with Revolutionary and Napoleonic France and the Consolidation of the Industrial Revolution
15.00– 16.40 Session 6 (5 presentations – 20 mins each)
16.40 – 17.00 Coffee Break
17.00 – 18.00 Noel Johnson keynote – State Capacity and the Rise Religious Freedom
18.00 End of conference
THURSDAY – 28 November
10.00 – 11.20 Session 1 (4 people – 20 mins each) – Africa & Caribbean
Yannick Dupraz (Warwick), “Fiscal capacity and dualism in colonial states: The French Empire 1830-1962″ (Co-authors: Denis Cogneau and Sandrine Mespe-Somps)
Marvin Suesse (Dublin), “Taxation, Fiscal Capacity and Economic Development in Africa, c1890 – c2015: Lessons from a new dataset” (co-authors: Thilo Albers. Morten Jerven)
Leigh Gardner (LSE), “African institutions under colonial rule” (co-author: Jutta Bolt)
Aaron Graham (UCL), “The rise and fall of colonial state capacity in Jamaica, 1655 to 1865, and its legacies”
11.40 – 13.00 Session 2 (4 people – 20 mins each) – Europe & China
Yannay Spitzer (Hebrew University of Jerusalem), “Entrepreneurship and Communal Tax Liability: The Political Economy of the Early Modern Jewish-Polish Symbiosis”
Guido Alfani (Bocconi), “The distributive consequences of the rise of the fiscal state in Europe (ca. 1500-1800)”
Leonor F. Costa (Lisbon), “Portugal’s early modern state capacity: a comparative approach” (co-authors: António C. Henriques and Nuno Palma)
Tuan-Hwee Sng (National University of Singapore), “Did the Communists Contribute to China’s Rural Growth?” (co-authors: Yi Lu, Mengna Luan)
15.00 – 15.40 Session 3 (2 presentations – 20 mins each) – England
Tony Moore (Reading), “state (over)capacity in medieval England”.
Nuno Pama (Manchester). Not an ordinary bank but a great engine of state: the bank of England and the British economy, 1694-1821 (co-author: Patrick K. O’Brien)
16.00- 17.00 POLICY SESSION – What are the challenges for poor and rich countries to raising taxes?
Vítor Gaspar (Director of Financial Affairs, IMF), and Tim Belsey (LSE)
Note (23/11/2019): Paul Johnson (Director IFS) was scheduled to participate in the policy session but will not be able to come. Paul recently wrote to us, explaining that the IFS will lauch their manifesto analysis Thursday, the first day of the conference. He wrote that this is the most important thing they’ll do all year and this was the only possible day for them.
FRIDAY – 29 November
10.00 – 11.20 Session 4 (4 presentations – 20 mins each) – Legacy of historical institutions
Leandro de Magalhães (Bristol), “War and the Rise of Parliaments” (co-author: Francesco Giovannoni)
António Henriques (Universidade do Porto), “Comparative European Institutions and the Little Divergence, 1385-1800” (co-author: Nuno Palma)
Daniel Oto (Universidad Pablo de Olavide), “Delegation of Governmental Authority in Historical Perspective: Lordships, State Capacity and Development”
David le Bris (Toulouse), “Constraints on the Executive: a Reappraisal of the French and English Old Regimes through Parliament Activities”
11.40 – 13.00 Session 5 (4 presentations – 20 mins each) – War, Trade, and Status
Massimiliano Gaetano Onorato (University of Bologna), “War, Trade, and the Origins of Representative Institutions” (co-authors: Gary W. Cox and Mark Dincecco)
Mattia Fochesato (Bocconi), “Exogenous shocks, political change and fiscal capacity: the case of Late Medieval Siena”
Yu Sasaki, “Ethnic Autonomy” (Waseda University, Japan)
Mark Koyama (GMU), “The Political Economy of Status Competition: Evidence from Pre-Modern Europe” (with Desiree Desierto)
15.00 – 16.40 Session 6 (5 presentations – 20 mins each) – Money and Finance
Kivanç Karaman (Boğaziçi University), “State and Money in Early Modern Europe” (co-authors: Sevket Pamuk, Secil Yildirim-Karaman)
Nuno Palma (University of Manchester), “Monetary capacity”, co-authors: Adam Brzezinski, Roberto Bonfatti, K. Kivanç Karaman
Carolyn Sissoko (University of the West of England), “The Monetary Foundations of Britain’s Early 19th Century Ascendancy.”
Queralt, Didac (Yale) “State Building in the Era of International Finance”
Qian Lu (Central University of Finance and Economics), “From Partisan Banking to Open Access: the emergence of free banking in early 19th century Massachusetts”.
POSTER SESSIONS (always on)
In addition to all the sessions above, there will be (in both days) posters by the following early-career scholars:
Andersson, Per Fredrik (Lund), “Fiscal Capacity in Non-Democratic States”
Hanzhi Deng (LSE), The Merit of Misfortune: Taiping Rebellion and the Rise of Indirect Taxation in Modern China, 1850s-1900s
Meng Wu (LSE), “Adjustments and Vicissitudes: Indirect Notes Issuance System in the Republican of China, 1921-1936”, (co-author: Xin Dong)
Mikolaj Malinowski (Lund), “Republic of Clients. Patronage and power concentration in Poland-Lithuania”
Thilo Huning (York), You Reap What You Know: Origins and Dynamics of State Capacity (co-authors: Fabian Wahl of University of Hohenheim)
Oriol Sabaté Domingo, “Linking war, natural resources and public revenues: the case of the War of the Pacific (1879-1883)” (co-autor: José Peres-Cajías)
Ziang Liu (LSE), “Centralisation and Fiscal Patterns: Reassess State Capacity Paradigms in China between the 16th and 18th Century”
2. 新书资讯
2.1 Elizabeth A. New and Christian Steer eds., Medieval Londoners: Essays to mark the eigthieth birthday of Caroline Barron, University of London Press, 2019.
Synopsis
Medieval Londoners were a diverse group, some born in the city, and others drawn to the capital from across the realm and from overseas. For some, London became the sole focus of their lives, while others retained or developed networks and loyalties that spread far and wide. The rich evidence for the medieval city, including archaeological and documentary evidence, means that the study of London and its inhabitants remains an active field. Medieval Londoners brings together archaeologists, historians, art historians and literary scholars whose essays provide glimpses of medieval Londoners in all their variety.
This volume is offered to Caroline M. Barron, Emeritus Professor of the History of London at Royal Holloway, University of London, on the occasion of her 80th birthday. Her remarkable career – over some fifty years – has revitalized the way in which we consider London and its people. This volume is a tribute to her scholarship and her friendship and encouragement to others. It is thanks to Caroline M. Barron that the study of medieval London remains as vibrant today as it has ever been.
本书出版社提供免费下载：https://humanities-digital-library.org/index.php/hdl/catalog/book/medieval-londoners
2.2 Phillipp Schofield, Peasants and Historians: Debating the Medieval English Peasantry, Manchester University Press, 2016.
Peasants and historians is an examination of historical discussion of the medieval English peasantry. In this book, the first such study of its kind, the author traces the development of historical research aimed at exploring the nature of peasant society. In separate chapters, the author examines the three main defining themes which have been applied to the medieval economy in general including change affecting the medieval peasantry. In subsequent chapters debates in relation to demography, family structure, women in rural society, and the nature of village community are each considered in turn. A final chapter on peasant culture also suggests areas of development and, potentially at least, future directions in research and writing. Offering an informed grounding in the main areas of historical writing in this area, it will be of interest to researchers as well as to those coming new to the topic, including undergraduate and postgraduate students.
网址：https://manchesteruniversitypress.co.uk/9780719053788/
3. 原始文献
1620-1800年间的请愿书
Now Online: Hundreds of Petitions to Westminster’s Local Magistrates, c.1620-1800 （By Brodie Waddell）
We have just published full transcriptions of 424 petitions received by the Justices of the Peace for the City of Westminster in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. The texts of these requests and complaints are now free to search and read on British History Online. The addition of these Westminster petitions to our recently published volumes for Cheshire, Derbyshire, Staffordshire and Worcestershire brings the total to over 1,300 transcribed petitions available in our series.
The City of Westminster included most of London’s rapidly growing western suburbs in this period, home to about 130,000 residents by 1700. Wealthy courtiers and politicians lived here alongside huge numbers of poorer workers and destitute paupers, so unsurprisingly the law courts here were busy. The petitions transcribed in this volume often arose from local conflicts that led to residents submitting supplications to the local magistrates for assistance, mercy or arbitration.
In 1620, for example, a servant named Elizabeth Sandes complained that she had ‘behaved her selfe in verie civell and honest manner’ in service since arriving in London about thirteen years earlier. However, after the death of her most recent master, Doctor Fisher of the High Commission, she ended up being ‘drawen into follie’ by the false promises of Charles Chambers, gentleman. Now she was pregnant, but Chambers refused to marry her or offer any support. She pleaded for the court to force Chambers to provide some financial help, as ‘in equitie and conscience’ he ought to do. It seems the magistrates granted her petition, because Chambers was then seized and taken to the Gatehouse Prison by the constable.
While this is just a single example, it is suggestive of the sorts of stories that frequently appear in these petitions. Many involve complaints from pregnant women or single mothers about negligent fathers. Even more involve servants or apprentices in conflict with their masters. And the largest group of all concern various forms of litigation, whether appeals from victims seeking justice or pleas from accused people seeking mercy.
Alongside these many individual petitions, there were also a substantial number from larger groups or whole communities, such as the five men, three women ‘and diverse other inhabitantes in Hartshorne Lane in the parish of Saint Martins in the Feildes’ who petitioned in 1636. They complained that the old watercourse that ran through the lane had been stopped up, leading to floods in ‘all our cellars and lower roomes’ and the spread of ‘daingerous and ill savours’. They sought the help of the magistrates to combat the perilously foul smell.
If you want to know more about petitioning in early modern England to better understand the context of these documents, you could start by reading our free ‘very short introduction’ and then move on to our ever-expanding annotated bibliography of published scholarship. Each volume also has an editorial introduction briefly reviewing who sent these petitions, the topics covered, their place in the archives, and more. We will be publishing further guidance and advice on our Resources page, but for now you can just dive into the sources:
Petitions to the Westminster Quarter Sessions, ed. Brodie Waddell, British History Online (December 2019)
We would love to hear what you find! Remember that searching is currently by keyword only and spelling was very irregular in this period, so you may need to experiment. We will eventually have a more advanced search facility.
[Note: Unfortunately the search interface on British History Online is currently not working correctly. To search, rather than browse, the petitions series, you can use google’s ‘inurl’ feature. Simply type inurl:”british-history.ac.uk/petitions” into the search bar, followed by the desired keyword. For example, inurl:”british-history.ac.uk/petitions” debt will return petitions including the word ‘debt’. The new Westminster petitions are not yet indexed by google, so will not be included in these results. Apologies for the inconvenience.]
The seventeenth-century petitions were photographed by the archives staff at London Metropolitan Archives and they have been transcribed by Tim Wales. Images of the eighteenth-century petitions were drawn from London Lives, 1690-1800 and the transcriptions there were revised for a higher level of accuracy by Gavin Robinson. The texts for revision were extracted by Sharon Howard from ‘London Lives XML Data’, which is CC-BY-NC licensed. Preparing the texts for online publication on British History Online was completed by Jonathan Blaney and Kunika Kono of IHR Digital.
We are extremely grateful to London Metropolitan Archives, especially Charlie Turpie, Principal Archivist, who supported the creation of these new transcriptions. We highly encourage readers to take advantage of their extensive collections and online catalogue to pursue further research on the individuals and communities mentioned in the petitions. We are also grateful to the Arts and Humanities Research Council and the Economic History Society for their financial support, without which these would not have been possible.
This is the fifth in a series of seven planned volumes which already includes petitions to the quarter sessions of Cheshire, Derbyshire, Staffordshire and Worcestershire, and will soon also include petitions to the Crown and the House of Lords. We will announce the new volumes here as they appear.
注：下划线部分都有超链接网址，具体请参见原帖：https://petitioning.history.ac.uk/blog/2019/12/now-online-hundreds-of-petitions-to-westminsters-local-magistrates-c-1620-1800/
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